BOOKS BASED NOTES

          Majoritarianism We always tend to rationalize all acts of representatives of majority. But we seldom think or dare to ask, what are the  limitations of majority which doesn't permit to act in a certain manner or to do certain acts. If we understand this question we may get it's answer in the democracy as well, but remember limitations on majority is not something anti majority. Rather, limitations of majority give a space to every one to behave oneself and this is the space where free thinking resides. Free thinking is the backbone of a democracy. We go to vote. And we vote for someone. How do we decide whom to vote? Under fear, under intimidation, under duress, under some sort of corruption or under the influence of our own understanding of the state of affairs? The last one liberates us from the idea of majority or even the idea of minority. We, as a single entity separately are entitled to own our views and if this so our vote translate our fre...

      Pauperism of Philosophy                    of Equality. Poverty generated inequality is certainly an antithesis of democracy but more than this it's the inequality of opportunity of access to the chances for prosperity  which is lethal for the very existence of the democracy. In very short I can safely conclude that governments in India, despite all ear catching slogans and rhetorics  have failed to develop a model of philosophy which could nurture our democratic system to fight for limiting this inequality. And today's clamour for democracy has a lot to do with this pauperism of philosophy of equality.

        India : As Democratic  In India  we proudly claim we are the largest democracy we seldom talk about equality , dignity ,  gender parity, free thinking and habit of questioning. Democracy is a  modern concept in the sense of predominant mode ruling, getting popularity from the days of the French Revolution. Imperialism was largely responsible for the rise of democracy. Britain and the USA have been great examples of rise of democracy . American Civil War   and post Civil War events were responsible for the rise of the democratic system in a very deeply divided country. Might of the US tells us how democratic principles have been  the driving force to make a highly divided US  society the strongest nation in the world. And this was made possible by the process of questioning, free thinking, demanding dignity and demanding equality. In India after getting Independence we soon forgot the values of independent and so we are ...

श्रीमद्भागवद्गीता अध्याय 4 श्लोक 7 यदा यदा हि धर्मस्य ग्लानिर्भवति भारत।  अभ्युत्थानमधर्मस्य तदात्मानं सृजाम्यहम्‌॥ हे भारत! जब-जब धर्म की हानि और अधर्म की वृद्धि होती है, तब-तब ही मैं अपने रूप को रचता हूँ अर्थात साकार रूप से लोगों के सम्मुख प्रकट होता हूँ  ॥7॥ हमने अभी देखा समझा कि ईश्वर सर्वव्यापी है, प्रत्येक दृश्य और अदृश्य में ईश्वर है, से सभी ईश्वर के ही विभिन्न अभिव्यक्ति मात्र हैं। इसी को विस्तार देते हुए श्रीकृष्ण आगे समझाते हैं कि कब कब ईश्वर की अनुभूति प्रत्यक्ष होती है। ईश्वर की प्रत्यक्ष अनुभूति को ही अवतार का होना कहते हैं।  समाज की सुचारू संरचना के लिए आवश्यक है कि समाज में यज्ञ भावना हो, अर्थात ये भावना हो कि "एक सब के लिए है और सब एक लिए है" (ONE FOR ALL AND ALL FOR ONE).। प्रकृति के नियमों के संचालन में बाधा नहीं डाली जाती है और मनुष्य का निजी और सामाजिक विवेक सभी मनुष्यों के उत्तरोत्तर उत्थान के लिए उपयोग में लाया जाता है तो वह अवस्था धर्म के उत्थान की अवस्था होती है जिसमें समाज और व्यक्ति की भौतिक और आध्यात्मिक उत्पादकता श्रेष्ठ स्थिति में होती है। अगर...

FREEDOM OF PRODUCER AND PURCHASER Freedom is called freedom in many contexts like political, economic, civic freedom. Certain types of freedoms are guaranteed in the greatest book of law, the Constitution. But many other freedoms are left to be decided by the operation of the society itself and the society decides whether such freedoms should be guaranteed or not, like those related to social norms and their most striking examples are those covered by the means and values of social control. But certain other freedoms are those which are not even seen as freedoms and one example of such freedoms is the freedom from arbitrary price rise. Price rise or fall is seen as merely economic event governed by rules of demand and supply. But in actual practice price is not always fixed by the rules of demand and supply. Many times prices are fixed by extrenous factors and one such factor is desire of the government of the day to keep population on its knee. For example even after good yield price ...